GRE

Embarking on the journey to graduate school is an exciting step, but it often comes with a significant hurdle: the Graduate Record Examinations, or GRE. For many aspiring graduate students, this standardized test is a critical component of their application package. Understanding the GRE is the first step toward conquering it. This guide will demystify the exam, covering its structure, scoring, and the best strategies for preparation.

What Exactly is the GRE?

The GRE is a standardized test administered by the Educational Testing Service (ETS). Its primary purpose is to measure your readiness for graduate-level academic work. Admissions committees at thousands of graduate and business schools worldwide use GRE scores to compare applicants from diverse backgrounds and undergraduate institutions. It provides a common data point to help evaluate a candidate’s potential for success.

While most people refer to the “GRE,” they are typically talking about the GRE General Test. This exam assesses skills that have been developed over a long period and are not specific to any single field of study. There are also GRE Subject Tests, which measure knowledge in specific fields like Psychology, Physics, and Mathematics, but the General Test is far more common.

Deconstructing the GRE Test Structure

The GRE General Test is a computer-based exam that takes about 3 hours and 45 minutes to complete, including breaks. It is composed of three main sections, each designed to test a different skill set.

Analytical Writing

This is always the first section of the exam. It measures your ability to articulate complex ideas clearly and effectively, support ideas with relevant reasons and examples, and construct a well-reasoned argument. It consists of two separately timed tasks:

• Analyze an Issue (30 minutes): You are presented with a broad statement of opinion and are required to write an essay presenting your own perspective on the issue, providing evidence and examples to support your position.


• Analyze an Argument (30 minutes): This task presents a short, written argument. Your job is not to agree or disagree with the argument, but to critique its logical soundness by identifying assumptions, evaluating evidence, and suggesting improvements.

Verbal Reasoning

The Verbal Reasoning section assesses your ability to analyze and evaluate written material, synthesize information, and understand the relationships between words and concepts. You will encounter two Verbal Reasoning sections during the test. The question formats include:

• Reading Comprehension: You’ll read passages of varying lengths and answer questions about their content, structure, and tone.


• Text Completion: These questions present a sentence or short paragraph with one to three blanks. You must choose the word or words that best complete the meaning of the text.


• Sentence Equivalence: For these questions, you must select two different words from a list of six that, when used to complete the sentence, produce two sentences that are alike in meaning.

Quantitative Reasoning

Often called the “Quant” section, this part of the GRE measures your problem-solving ability, focusing on basic concepts of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, and data analysis. Like the Verbal section, you will be given two Quantitative Reasoning sections. The question types are:

• Quantitative Comparison: You are given two quantities, Quantity A and Quantity B, and must determine which is greater, if they are equal, or if the relationship cannot be determined.


• Multiple-Choice (Select One or More): These are standard multiple-choice questions where you either select a single correct answer or one or more correct answers from a list.


• Numeric Entry: You are required to solve a problem and type your numerical answer into a box. An on-screen calculator is provided for this section.

It’s also important to note that the test is section-level adaptive. Your performance on the first Verbal and Quant sections determines the difficulty level of your second sections. A strong performance on the first section will lead to a more difficult second section, which gives you the opportunity to earn a higher score.

How GRE Scoring Works

Understanding the GRE scoring system is crucial for setting realistic goals. The scores for each section are reported on different scales:

• Verbal Reasoning: Scored on a 130–170 scale, in 1-point increments.


• Quantitative Reasoning: Scored on a 130–170 scale, in 1-point increments.


• Analytical Writing: Scored on a 0–6 scale, in half-point increments.

So, what is a “good” GRE score? The answer depends entirely on the programs you are applying to. Highly competitive Ph.D. programs in STEM may look for Quant scores above 165, while top-tier humanities programs might prioritize Verbal scores in a similar range. Always research the average GRE scores of accepted students at your target schools to set your performance goals.

Effective GRE Preparation Strategies

Success on the GRE doesn’t happen by chance; it requires a dedicated and strategic approach to preparation. A well-thought-out study plan can make all the difference.

1. Establish a Baseline: Before you begin studying, take a full-length official practice test. This will help you understand the test format, identify your current strengths and weaknesses, and establish a baseline score.


2. Create a Realistic Study Schedule: Based on your baseline score and target score, create a study schedule. Most test-takers need 2-3 months of consistent study. Allocate specific times each week to focus on different sections and topics.


3. Use High-Quality Materials: The best resources come directly from ETS, the makers of the test. Use the Official Guide to the GRE and the POWERPREP Online practice tests. These materials use real, retired GRE questions, giving you the most authentic practice possible.


4. Focus on Your Weak Areas: Don’t just practice what you’re good at. Analyze your practice test results to pinpoint your weaknesses. If you struggle with geometry, dedicate extra time to those concepts. If Text Completion is a challenge, focus on vocabulary building and sentence structure.


5. Build a Strong Vocabulary: A robust vocabulary is essential for the Verbal section. Use flashcards, apps, and read widely from academic sources like journals and reputable magazines to learn new words in context.


6. Simulate Test Day: As your test date approaches, take full-length, timed practice tests under realistic conditions. This means no distractions, adhering strictly to time limits, and completing all sections in one sitting to build your mental stamina.

Conclusion

The GRE is more than just a test; it’s a stepping stone toward your future academic and professional goals. While it can seem intimidating, it is a conquerable challenge. By understanding its structure, familiarizing yourself with the scoring, and committing to a structured preparation plan, you can walk into the test center with confidence. Remember that the GRE is just one part of your application. Your performance, backed by a strong overall profile, will open the doors to the graduate program of your dreams.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

How long are my GRE scores valid?

Your GRE scores are valid for five years from the date you take the test. For example, if you took the test on September 15, 2023, your scores would be reportable until September 14, 2028. This long validity period gives you flexibility in planning your graduate school applications.

Can I retake the GRE if I’m not happy with my score?

Yes, you can. The ETS allows you to retake the GRE General Test once every 21 days, up to five times within any continuous rolling 12-month period. Thanks to the ScoreSelect® option, you can choose which test scores to send to institutions, so you don’t have to worry about a lower score hurting your application.

Should I take the GRE at home or at a test center?

The choice between taking the GRE at home or at a test center depends on your personal preferences and circumstances. The at-home test offers convenience and comfort, but it requires a reliable internet connection and a quiet, private space. It also comes with the risk of technical issues. A test center provides a controlled, standardized environment with all equipment provided, which can help minimize distractions and technical worries, but may be less comfortable for some test-takers.

Featured Image Credit: Pixabay